Essential Trade Documents Explained: PI, CI, PO & PL

In international trade, documentation forms the backbone of every transaction. These documents connect all key stages of the trade process, serving as crucial references for cargo movement, financial settlement, and responsibility assignment. Today, let’s explore four foundational documents widely used in global trade: PI, CI, PO, and PL. 1️⃣ Proforma Invoice (PI) The Proforma Invoice […]

Understanding Tariffs: Definitions, Characteristics, and Strategic Implications

I. What Are Tariffs? Tariffs are a type of indirect tax levied on goods and items entering or exiting a country. The authority responsible for collecting tariffs is the national customs agency. Taxpayers include importers, exporters, and owners of inbound items. II. Core Characteristics of Tariffs Mandatory: Tariffs are legally enforced; taxpayers are obligated to […]

24 Common Ocean Freight Surcharges Across 7 Categories – A Must-Know Guide for New Shippers

In the world of ocean freight exports, costs often fluctuate due to a wide range of factors such as fuel prices, port congestion, cargo handling, and weather. To mitigate these cost fluctuations, shipping lines frequently introduce a variety of surcharges—often shown in abbreviated forms—on quotations or invoices. If you don’t understand what these abbreviations mean […]

General Process of Container Shipping

1. Document Verification & Carrier Coordination Upon receiving the complete set of documents from the client, determine which shipping line is responsible for the cargo, who the shipping agent is, and where to exchange the delivery order required for customs clearance.Required documents include: Endorsed Original Bill of Lading or Telex Release Packing List Commercial Invoice […]

Understanding the Shipping Order (S/O): A Key Document in Container Shipping

A Shipping Order, commonly abbreviated as S/O, is an essential document in the logistics and shipping industry. Once a shipping company receives a booking request from a freight forwarder or consignor, and if suitable space is available, the carrier issues an S/O to confirm the booking details. This document may also be referred to by […]

A Comprehensive Guide to Container Types and Classifications

When it comes to containerized shipping, understanding the various types of containers is crucial for selecting the right option for your cargo. Containers can be categorized based on their usage, primary materials, and structural design. Let’s explore these classifications in detail. 1. Classification by Usage (1) Dry Cargo ContainerAlso known as general-purpose containers, these are […]